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Land record translator: Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu land words in English

Kabza means possession, khatauni is the record of rights, khasra is the plot number, fard is a certified copy of the land record and intkal or dakhil kharij is mutation. Paste any word or a whole line from your jamabandi, khatauni, 7/12, khatian or patta, in Hindi, Punjabi, Urdu, Marathi, Bengali or romanised spelling, and this translator highlights every land word it knows and explains it in plain English.

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5 land words recognised

Khasra no(Plot number). 245 par kabza(Possession) kiska hai? Fard(Certified copy of the land record) aur khatauni ki nakal(Record of rights) mangwao, intkal(Mutation) pending hai.

In English

Plot number. 245 par Possession kiska hai? Certified copy of the land record aur Record of rights mangwao, Mutation pending hai.

  • Khasraख़सरा · ਖਸਰਾ · خسرہ

    Columns & numbers

    You wrote “Khasra no”

    = Plot number, field survey number

    The number of one piece of land on the village map.

    More about khasra →

  • Kabzaक़ब्ज़ा · ਕਬਜ਼ਾ · قبضہ

    Disputes & cases

    = Possession

    Who is physically on and using the land. Not the same as ownership.

    More about kabza →

  • Fardफ़र्द · ਫ਼ਰਦ · فرد

    Deeds & papers

    = Certified copy of the land record

    A copy of the jamabandi issued by the revenue office (Punjab, Haryana).

    Used in: Punjab, Haryana

    More about fard →

  • Khatauniखतौनी

    Records

    You wrote “khatauni ki nakal”

    = Record of rights, holding register

    Lists each khata with its holders and their khasra numbers and areas (UP, Uttarakhand).

    Used in: Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi

    More about khatauni →

  • Intkalइंतक़ाल · ਇੰਤਕਾਲ · انتقال

    Records

    = Mutation

    The change of name in the revenue record after a sale, gift or death (Punjab, Haryana).

    Used in: Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh

    More about intkal →
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Meanings are the general ones used in land records. A word can carry a narrower meaning in one state’s law, and spellings vary from district to district, so for anything you will sign or file, check the exact entry with the patwari, tehsil or a local property lawyer. Nothing you paste leaves your browser.

How to use it

  1. Paste a line from your record, or type the words the patwari or your family used, in any script or spelling.
  2. Read the highlighted text: each land word shows its English in brackets, with a card below explaining it.
  3. Tap “Copy English” to copy the line with the land words replaced by English, ready to send to a lawyer or relative.
  4. To check one word, switch to “Look up a word”, or open the A–Z list to browse by type: records, columns, land types, offices, deeds, family words and measures.

What is kabza in English?

Kabza (also spelt qabza or kabja) means possession: who is physically on and using the land. “Zameen par kabza karna” means to take possession of land, and in everyday speech it almost always means grabbing land that is not yours. Avaidh or najayaz kabza is illegal possession.

Possession is not ownership. You can own land on paper, in a sale deed or by inheritance, while someone else has kabza on the ground, and that gap is where most land disputes start.

What is khatauni called in English, and what is a khasra number?

Khatauni is the record of rights: the register of who holds which land, used in Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Jamabandi (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal, Rajasthan), 7/12 (Maharashtra), RTC or pahani (Karnataka), khatian (West Bengal, Odisha) and patta (Tamil Nadu) are the same kind of record under other names.

A khasra number is the plot number, the number of one field on the village map. Other states call it a survey number, gata, gat, dag or plot number. A khata or khewat number is the account under which an owner’s land is grouped.

How do you read a jamabandi in English?

Read it column by column. A Punjab or Haryana jamabandi starts with the hadbast number (the village number), then the khewat number (owners’ account) and khatauni number (cultivators’ account), the patti or section of the village, and naam malik maa haqiyat, the owners’ names with their shares (hissa).

Next come naam kashtkar, the cultivator (khudkasht if the owners farm it themselves), the khasra or mustatil and killa numbers, rakba (area, usually in kanal and marla), kism zameen (class of land such as nehri, chahi, barani or gair mumkin), lagan (revenue) and kaifiyat (remarks). Always read the kaifiyat: mutations, mortgages and court orders are noted there.

Words between names matter too: walad means son of, dukhtar daughter of, zauja wife of, bewa widow of and mutwaffi deceased.

What do the words on a 7/12 extract mean in English?

The 7/12 (satbara utara) shows the bhumapan kramank or gat number (survey number) with its hissa number (sub-division), the bhogvatdar (occupant) and whether they hold it as class 1 (freely transferable) or class 2 (transfer needs permission), the kul kshetra (total area), pot kharab (uncultivable part) and aakar (revenue assessment).

The itar adhikar section lists other rights over the land, such as a bank boja (loan charge) or a tenant, and the ferfar kramank are the mutation entry numbers that changed the record.

What are fard, intkal, nishandehi and warisan praman patra in English?

Fard is a certified copy of the jamabandi. Intkal, dakhil kharij, namantaran, namjari, ferfar and pokkuvaravu all mean mutation, the change of name in the revenue record after a sale, gift or death. Nishandehi is demarcation, marking the boundary on the ground.

Warisan praman patra is a legal heir certificate, bakhshish nama or daan patra is a gift deed, haq tyag patra is a relinquishment deed, vasiyat is a will and pushtaini zameen is ancestral land. A girdawar is a land records inspector, and jamin ka patta is a title record or lease, depending on the state.

Questions people ask

Kabza means possession, the physical control and use of land. In everyday use it usually means taking or occupying land without a right to it, which in English is illegal possession or encroachment.

Khatauni is called the record of rights in English, sometimes the holding register. It lists each khata (account) with its holders, khasra numbers and areas.

A khasra number is the plot number or field survey number in English: the number of one piece of land on the village map.

Bakshish patra or bakhshish nama means a gift deed, a deed giving land without payment. A mutation done on the basis of a gift may be marked bakhshish in the record.

Khatian means record of rights, the land record of West Bengal, Odisha and Jharkhand that lists the holders, plot (dag) numbers and shares.

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Helpful guides

📜 Land records explained 7 min read

Khasra, Khatauni, Jamabandi, 7/12: Land Records Decoded

Khasra, khatauni, jamabandi, 7/12, patta, khatian: what your Indian land record is called in each state, where to find it online and which number matters.

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